German and Germans class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

German and Germans class - Essay Example 308) this assault on a non military personnel transport seriously tried Wilson’s resolve yet America remained undauntedly contradicted to joining the war until nearly 22 months after the fact. The sinking of the Lusitania, and the resulting strategic line about U-vessel assaults on regular citizen and flexibly dispatches was, not, in this manner adequate motivation to legitimize American passage into the war. One of the principle reasons why America entered the war was to ensure its own money related premiums: â€Å"By September 1916 Britain was buying American products at a pace of over $210 million every month, and France at $38 million every month. (Burk, 1985, p. 14). While Germany additionally had worthwhile economic agreements with the United States, it was in no way like at this level, thus America had to consider the conceivable effect on its own position if the British and their partners ought to at last lose the war. There would be no chance in the present moment for these huge obligations to be taken care of, and this would will undoubtedly detrimentally affect the American economy for quite a long time to come. It appeared well and good, and without a doubt it was viewed as an issue of dire convenience, for America to ensure that the British were on the triumphant side in this ruthless war, thus there were exceptionally solid money related reasons why America needed to step i n and ensure this would be the ultimate result of the war. A further factor should likewise be thought of, and that is the supposed â€Å"Zimmerman note† or â€Å"Zimmermann telegram† which was a bit of discretionary correspondence sent by German representative Zimmermann to the Mexican represetative, offering regional affectations for Mexico to join the war on the German side. The proposition was, that Mexico would divert America with a war close to home, while Germans, guaranteed of triumph, would reward Mexico for its endeavors with lands taken from the southern conditions of America. The wire was furtively decoded by the British

Huge Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in Teenager

Immense Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in Teenager Dynamic Foundation: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon benevolent neoplasm. The enormous IMT of chest is even once in a while watched and there is not many written works portrayed the sickness. Case introduction: A 17-year-old young lady who experienced a dry hack with right chest torment. Difference improved CT indicated an enormous heterogeneous mass with calcified plaques. A careful administration methodology was effectively attempted. Expanding doctor consciousness of this substance ought to encourage acknowledgment of its clinical attributes and lab discoveries. Ends: This case recommends that a once in a while tremendous and precisely treated IMT in an adolescent and worried about the radioclinical, histopathological, remedial parts of this infection. Catchphrases Incendiary myofibroblastic tumor, Lung, Surgery Foundation Incendiary myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon amiable tumor that regularly influences kids. It has been first depicted by Brunn in 1939 [1] and it represents 0.71% of all lung tumors. [2, 3]. The starting point of the IMT is obscure, yet late examinations have demonstrated that it is a genuine tumor as opposed to a response procedure [4]. Various terms used to depict IMT incorporate provocative pseudotumor, cell fiery pseudotumor, plasma cell granuloma and incendiary fibrosarcoma. This injury comprises of fiery cells and myofibroblastic shaft cells [5, 6]. We report a case with a once in a while gigantic and carefully treated IMT in an adolescent and worried about the radioclinical, histopathological, helpful parts of this malady. Case introduction A 17-year-old young lady was alluded to our emergency clinic with a 15 days history of right chest and hack without sputum. She denied the accompanying side effects including the nearness ofhoarseness, hemoptysis, anddyspnea. Her clinical history and family ancestry were uneventful. Physical assessment uncovered ordinary breath sounds in both of the lung fields. The consequences of research center assessments, including blood vessel blood gases, hematology tests and organic chemistry tests, were inside typical cutoff points. Her Pulmonary capacity tests and cardiovascular assessment uncovered typical execution. Difference improved chest registered tomography (CT) indicated a 18ãâ€"16ãâ€"15 cm heterogeneous mass with calcified plaques attacking the whole right hemithorax and mediastinal move to one side (Fig 1A, 1B). Be that as it may, the patient wouldn't have the bronchoscopic assessment and fine-needle biopsy of the mass. As determination was not built up through imaging, medical procedure was booked. Under general sedation with particular intubation, an enormous mass (estimating 20ãâ€"17ãâ€"17 cm and weighing 2010g) with second rate vena cava and right pericardium intrusion was found and the correct center and lower flaps bronchus seemed encased by the mass. Finally, the neoplasm was totally extracted. The patient experienced a correct center and lower lobectomy, substandard vena cava angioplasty and incomplete resection of pericardium. Mediastinal lymph hub analyzation was additionally cultivated. The taking care of vessels of the mass were ligated and the mass was evacuated without tumor spillage or capsular injury. From that point onward, reexpansion of the correct upper projection was watched and a chest tube was put to deplete the pleural cavity. A postoperative roentgenogram of the chest indicated that the mediastinum had come back to its ordinary position and the correct lung was very much extended. Infinitesimal assessment uncovered a multiplicat ion of standard shaft cells displayed in fascicles, admixed with lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Extra immunohistochemistry with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)- 1 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) uncovered positive and the translocation of the ALK quality was found by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). The outcomes for desmin, S-100, CD99, CD34, Myogenin, EMA and pankeratin were negative. Ki-67 proliferative movement was 8%. In light of these information, the finding of fiery myofibroblastic tumor was held. Histologic conclusion indicated a negative bronchial edge and lymph hubs liberated from danger. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recuperation and was followed up for two months without proof of repeat to date. Ends Fiery myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon massforming sore portrayed by fibroblastic or myofibroblastic axle cell expansion with differing degrees of incendiary cell penetration. The World Health Organization (WHO) characterized IMT as an unmistakable substance in 1994 [7]. Be that as it may, the colossal incendiary myofibroblastic tumor of chest is even once in a while watched and there is scarcely any written works portrayed the sickness (Table). The reason for IMT tumors is indistinct, however an immunological reaction to an irresistible specialist or noninfectious operator stays conceivable [8]. While a few journalists showed that IMT tumors are genuine neoplasms and some accept the IMT tumors to be a poor quality sarcoma with fiery cells as it has a potential for neighborhood repeat, invasion, multicentricity, and seldom metastases [9]. Additionally, ALK energy is recognized in 36% to 60% of cases and the nearness of chromosomal distortions in these tumors proposes that I MT is a neoplastic multiplication of clonal source [10]. For our situation, there was no proof of contamination or provocative reaction and no history of injury in her chest. The tumor was single and encircled, and portable. The IMT influences both genders, at any ages, with a slight power in youngsters and youthful grown-ups [4, 11]. Most patients are asymptomatic and the tumor is found unexpectedly on a chest X-beam performed for another explanation [4, 11].From the table, the entirety of the four patients were youthful grown-ups and were alluded to the medical clinic with a typical side effect of hack. In our patient, the tumor was found at an early age and the main indications were dry hack and right chest torment. Radiological perspectives are whimsical. Chest radiographs are the most by and large performed imaging study to assess the neoplasm. Most patients have a mass or an aspiratory knob, by and large estimating 1 to 6 cm in distance across [12]. On CT examines, these tumors shows ordinarily heterogenous constricting improvement [6]. Now and again the tumor can stretch out towards the hilum, mediastinum, pleura or stomach [1, 3]. As recorded in the table, all the extents of masses were gigantic and two of them were watched the attack of the mediastinal or the chest divider. There is likewise an expression of alert for our situation that the agent calcifications were seen in the centure of heterogeneous mass and it attacked the second rate vena cava and right pericardium. Infinitesimally the IMT tumor comprises of shaft molded cells that are blended in with a constant fiery part that comprises of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and incidental histiocytes. Immunohistochemistry for ALK found cytogenetic variations from the norm on chromosome 2p23 is generally explicit for IMF tumor among the range of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors and other potential mesenchymal imitates of IMF tumor [13]. The ongoing WHO grouping of delicate tissue tumors perceives 3 essential variations of IMT: (1) inexactly sorted out myofibroblasts in an edematous myxoid foundation with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and veins, looking like nodular fasciitis; (2) thick totals of axle cells showed in a variable myxoid and collagenized foundation and admixed with an unmistakable incendiary penetrate, diffuse bunches of plasma cells, and lymphoid knobs, taking after sinewy histiocytoma or fibromatosis; and (3) collagen sheets with dispersed plasma cells and eosinophils taking after a scar or desmoid tumor [14]. The differential analysis of IMT is follicular dendritic cell tumor and incendiary pseudotumor. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS), which was first revealed by Monda et al. in 1986, is an uncommon neoplastic expansion that displays the morphological and immunophenotypic highlights of FDCS that are among the frill cells of the lymphoid framework. The tumor cells showed positive immunohistochemical recoloring for vimentin, CD21 and CD35 just as negative recoloring for ALK-1 and SMA. Provocative pseudotumors are kind tumors generally found in the lung and they are portrayed by multiplication of axle cells (fibroblasts and myoblasts), with variable quantities of mitoses, and incendiary cells invasion, especially plasma cells. All the more as of late, the nearness of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK 1) recoloring sometimes has been proposed to be of an incentive in the affirmation of IMT and in its differentiation from different elements. A progression of studies found the translocat ion of the ALK quality by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in IMT (16). For our situation, the mass was shaft cell injury with extreme atypism and some mitosis. As appeared in Fig 2 (A, B, C), ganglion-like cells were available and the immunohistochemistry result for ALK-1 shows solid inspiration of tumor cytoplasm and translocation of the ALK quality. In view of these discoveries, her tumor might be forceful. Notwithstanding IMT is a benevolent tumor, it is considered by certain creators as a second rate tumor on account of dangerous highlights, for example, neighborhood obtrusiveness, repeat or threatening change. Complete careful resection is the proper treatment for IMT. Cerfolio and partners detailed a phenomenal guess in patients experiencing total resection of pneumonic IMT, with a 5-year endurance pace of 91.3%. Nonetheless, a 60% repeat rate in those getting inadequate resection has been accounted for in a similar report [15]. Corticosteroid monotherapy may bring about quick goals of the ailment and continued reduction (17, 18). Non-steroidal mitigating specialists (NSAIDs) as singular treatment might be very viable and narrative reaction to chemotherapy has likewise been accounted for (19). As the writing checked on in the table, three patients had the tasks by a standard posterolateral thoracotomy. Among them, two dad

Programmer Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Programmer Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips The world we live in today is a complex one. Things used to be so simple. Earlier on, whenever you needed to do something, you had to rely on the human factor.As the civilisation progressed, the majority of operations was taken over by computers.Just for comparison’ sake, there was a time when you had to pay the bills at a post office yourself, and now you can do it sitting comfortably in your living room, using merely a computer.Although this might seem a mere trifle to most of us, there is a well-organised system behind all that. The system is also known as software.As you may well guess, it took many years and many people to develop fully functional software systems as we know them today.These people are commonly referred to as programmers.Today, we would practically be lost without them and their computer programs.This is exactly the reason why education systems have recognized the importance of software developing and have organised proper courses.So, if you are a programmer l ooking for a job, here comes our little guide on how to write that perfect CV before you apply for a job.Before we go into details, know that your Curriculum Vitae (AKA CV or resume) is your professional ID. It needs to be impeccable and impressive.It is all about standing out of the mass of programmers. As you are guessing already, this is not easy to accomplish.If you are a bit worried after this remark of ours, don’t be. We know that not everyone is good at presenting themselves in the best light.Which is why we have our resume template builder, for one, and we are also presenting to you our Resume writing guide.To begin with, let us first take a look at what the basic elements of a good CV are.Before you start writing that perfect CV, you need to let this sink in:Your CV MUST draw attention;Make sure to choose a proper template (if you do not know which one is best, use our resume template builder);Your CV MUST be well organized (all relevant pieces of information should be vi sible);Choose the language which is to the point.Since we warned you that a perfect CV is a prerogative, let us now show you how to write one.Programmer Resume Example Right Programmer Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeWe have just had the chance to see a couple of good examples of curriculum vitae.Next, we will show you how to make a CV like this on your own.However, if you are still worried that you are not fit to do it, feel free to use our resume template builder.So, here comes the best part!HOW TO WRITE PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTIONPersonal information section is the first thing a potential employer takes a look at in your resume.This is where you need to provide any and all relevant information about yourself.Obviously, the pieces of information that you provide need to be one hundred per cent accurate and true, and we will explain why even if it is quite obvious and logical.Once you sit down to write that brilliant CV, it is important that you present the data in a specific order.Naturally, you need to provide your name first and after that the possible ways to get in touch with you.NameMake no mistake here since you need to provide your full name (i.e. your first and l ast name). Note that nicknames are allowed or tolerated under no circumstances.NameAlexander WilsonTara Rodriguez RightNameAlexander Smartypants WilsonTara Spitfire Rodriguez WrongUsing nicknames is a pretty informal way to address someone.They are also highly inappropriate in a resume context. Keep these for your friends and family.Believe us when we say that the potential employer does not care how goofy and silly your nickname is.When applying for a job, giving your full name is safe and the best way to go.ProfessionAs we said in the introductory part of the article, your CV is your professional ID card.As a matter of fact, at a certain point, your profession might be even more important than your name.This is why your profession needs to be precisely defined in your resume.ProfessionBachelor of Science in Computer ScienceM.S. in Computer Science RightProfessionWith college educationCompleted under- or postgraduate studies WrongDo not be vague in this case.Should it happen th at you do not have the right profession for a certain position, do not obscure this fact by providing insufficient or inaccurate data.You might have some other skills and knowledge to compensate for the current lack.PhotoPhotos are an optional addition to your CV.You absolutely do not have to include one in your resume. However, our hearty recommendation is that you provide a photo in your resume after all.The logic behind is that those resumes that do not include a photo are impersonal.People want to see the face they can put with the name, and there is nothing wrong with it.Even though the job you guys do is mostly done sitting in front of a computer, still your photo in a CV gives a more personal note.Without the photo, you might give an impression of a person dissatisfied with their looks or even that you do not care enough.This is not something that potential employers can easily let go.So if you decided to include a photo in your resume, be careful about the choice you make.Wh at we want to say is that you need to look professional.Correction, you MUST look professional. So, select your outfit with the utmost care.So as not to confuse you any further, check out the following list.Photo instructionsUnforced smileKeep your eyes naturally openHair must be clean and neatly combedLight make-up (if you are into it, ladies!)Beard must be trimmed (dear gents!)Make sure that you are alone in the photo with some neutral background. Play it safe and take a photo standing/sitting in front of a white or neutral wall.Proper posture RightPhoto instructionsGrin or laughing with your mouth wide openHaving your eyes closedMessy hairStrong make-up (for ladies)Messy/too long beard (for gents)Don’t choose group photos (of you partying, lying on the beach, or the photos with your family).Slouching WrongWe think you got the clue why things on the left will make you look better in the eyes of the potential employer than the ones on the right.If you choose a photo with any of the situations from the Wrong column, you will strike them as not taking proper care of personal hygiene or being way too much easy-go-lucky.And employers will definitely be reserved about employing someone like that.Phone NumberIncluding your current phone number, whether cell phone or landline, is just one way for potential employers to get in touch with you.Make sure that you provide this data too along with giving your e-mail address.This will enormously help the prospective employer to get in touch with you since personal contact and communication help in developing a more sincere bond between the two parties.AddressAs is the case with photo, giving your address is also optional.Nonetheless, you can include it just in case. It might seem trivial to you, but the company which is hiring would like to know this.Be honest here.Don’t cause delusion by saying that you leave nearby if you are actually living hundreds of miles away.See now why they care about this?E-mail AddressSinc e we live in the computer and internet era, almost everyone nowadays has an e-mail address or even multiple e-mail addresses.Before we give some additional tips, you would want to check this out.E-mail Addressalexwilson@gmail.comrodriguez.t@gmail.com RightE-mail Addresssmartypantswilson@gmail.comspitfiretara@gmail.com WrongWhat we wanted to tell you here is that the e-mail address you provide in a resume also needs to be “professional”. Make sure not to use those e-mail addresses that you generally use for other purposes (e.g. gaming, online shopping or other platforms) when applying for a job.Another important thing that you need to pay attention to is that your e-mail address is easy to spell and pronounce.In such a way, you will avoid potential ambiguity, especially when you need to share this detail over the phone.Social Media ProfilesSimilar to e-mails, everybody has an account on this or that social network. Being a programmer and into computers and related, it is almost unthinkable that you do not have at least one such account.Still, pay extra care when giving links to your social networks.They are a necessary evil, but when it comes to a job application, they can be pure evil.Specifically, the content you post, share or like over there might lead a potential employer to some conclusions about your personality, which are far from true.No matter how careful you are when posting contents to your social network profile, it will definitely have some content which might compromise you in the eyes of a future employer.So, think twice before you provide those links. If you still opt for doing it, make sure that the content you post has limited visibility. Pro TipUseful tip:It is always good to include a link to your LinkedIn account as it seems to do miracles. This social network is already designed for professional purposes, so it will be a proper presentation of you. On the other hand, try to stay clear of links to your Instagram profile, for example .HOW TO WRITE YOUR SUMMARY SECTIONHaving gone through the part of your resume, which is purely factual and quite simple to write, we have reached the part where things are no longer quite so simple for most of us.There is one word which perfectly describes what your Summary Section needs to be.And the word is CONVINCING!The summary is where you use fewer words to carry on the biggest load of information. But, this should not and must not be “dry”. Spice it up a little.This is a perfect time for you to rely on language. How so? Well, as simple as this.SummaryBachelor of Science in Computer Science with more than 5 years of experience.Specialized in web designing and database programming.Using strong language (invest, boost enhance, growth, proficient, etc.)Ending on a proactive note (use the acquired experience, practical and theoretical knowledge in a new atmosphere). RightSummaryCollege graduate with many years of experience. (Obviously, this is an insufficient description.)Us ing vague or weak language (good, make better, many, etc.)Sounding uninterested or “needy” (I would like to work for you). WrongWe think that the difference is more than obvious here.The left column makes you look eligible for the next vacancy in the company.However, when you take a look at the Wrong column, it looks as if you are completely uninterested.So, strong and precise language is your best friend in this case.You are not merely looking/applying for a job. You are approaching potential employers offering what’s best for them.Be smart and convince them that you are the perfect candidate they are looking for.Convince them that you are the one with skill and experience, not a beginner who either does not care for or does not want the job.HOW TO WRITE THE EXPERIENCE SECTIONThe experience section of your resume is the part which needs to fully confirm to the potential employer that you are the right person for the job in question.Note that your experience is listed startin g with the most recent job and then going step by step backwards.Again, the data you provide here need to be true and complete.You must give the full title of the companies you previously worked for, and you need to give details about the position you held as well as a brief description of the tasks you were in charge of.More precisely, this is what we had in mind. Right WrongThe column on the right side seems rather incomplete, and this is not how you should write your CV.Every employer will go for the applicant on the left since in this case, they can see all relevant information.If you still wonder why the left side is better, let us tell you this.When you give such details, your next employer knows exactly what you can do once they hire you.They do not want to guess if you can only work with one programming language and not with others.We mentioned this briefly at the beginning of the chapter, but again, you need to know that you are not allowed to provide false details in your experience section.Everything you list can be easily checked and verified, so do not put yourself into an embarrassing situation.If you maybe do not have sufficient experience or you have none whatsoever, do not be afraid to say so.Your potential employer will value your honesty more than the false data you give them.In such a case, be proactive and let them know you are ready to turn theory into practice and take the load off of other programmers working in the company you are applying for. Pro TipUseful tip:Your Experience section should not include those jobs that have nothing to do with the position you are applying for. Sorry for saying this, but if it has nothing to do with the current vacancy you are seeking to fulfill the employer simply does not care about it.However, if all of this sounds too boring for you, feel free to use our resume template builder. It will make your life so much easier.GUIDELINES ON WRITING YOUR EDUCATION SECTIONAs a rule, your education section comes after the experience section.As it turns out, your experience bears larger significance, which is why it is given priority ranking.Without further delay, check out this distinction. Right WrongIf and when necessary, your education is also listed in reverse chronological order. In this case, there was no need to do it since if you have a college degree (undergraduate or postgraduate), it is just fine to include only the highest degree you obtained.What you need to know is that including your GPA is not obligatory.Still, if you were a brilliant student, feel free to let the world know it.The same is true for special scholarships. Don’t be afraid to show how excellent you were/are.HOW TO WRITE YOUR SKILLS SECTIONWhen it comes to your skills section, make sure not to overdo it.There is no need for you to list any and all skills you possess.SkillsC++JavaExceptional analytical skillsComputer troubleshooting skillsProficient in interpersonal communication with an accent on problem-solving and avoiding conflictsOrJavaSQLPythonProviding quick and simple and yet reliable troubleshooting solutions due to the ana-lytical mindGoal-oriented RightSkillsLanguagesSpanishEnglishFr ench WrongIn this case, it is not enough to say that you are good in programming languages. There are many of those, and you need to be very specific since companies might not pay attention to you thinking how you are covering for your lack of knowledge by being vague.Also, do not include those skills which have nothing to do with the job post you are applying for. As we have simplified here, you are applying for a programmer, not a chef’s assistant.Languages are given as a special subheading to the skills section. Here, this is what you need to pay attention to.LanguagesEnglish (Native)German (Advanced)Spanish (Intermediate) RightLanguagesSpanishEnglishFrench WrongAlways make sure that you indicate the level of your knowledge when it comes to languages.Again, the company hiring would like to know if they can rely on you to communicate with foreign clients.Don’t deceive them by saying you have native fluency in Mandarin (we all know how unrealistic that is!) if you only know the basics.Speaking of general interests listed at the end of your resume, it is fine to include those activities that you like doing in your free time. It is here where you can list cooking, for example.Still, do not list too many of these. It is enough to include only those activities that you truly like the most, and that can make you look good in the eyes of an employer (2-3 points maximum).And if after all of this you still think you are not fit for writing a CV all by yourself, then use our resume template builder and spare yourself some precious time while hunting for a perfect job.ADDITIONAL TIPS TRICKSALWAYS double check your writing for grammar or punctuation mistakes.ALWAYS make sure that the data you provide is full and true to the best of your knowledge.PRECISION is your best friend! Avoid lengthy summaries at any cost, since nobody will pay attention to them.ALWAYS customise your resume CV to the vacancy you are applying for.CONCLUSIONThe ideal job you have always wan ted does not just fall from the sky. It takes a lot of hard work, such as education and constant learning.So once you go through this process, you are faced with the boring application process, selection, interviews, etc.If you want to get selected, you need to make a worthy impression on the potential employer.This is where the impeccable resume needs to do its part of the job.An impeccable resume implies only the best personal and professional details which help the employer to choose you as the next employee.The purpose of this article is to provide the most important general guidelines on how to write your programmer CV.Good luck! Create your own resume

Role Of Unions During The United States - 899 Words

Role of Unions in the United States According to Dias, a union is an organization of employees that forms to negotiate or bargain with an employer (Dias, 2012). Unions are a part of our Nation’s history, allowing workers the power to negotiate wages, work hours, benefits, health and safety guidelines, training, and other work related issues, and helped to create todays labor standards. These standards include minimum wage, social security, eight-hour workday and weekends, overtime pay, the American with Disabilities Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Unions help to ensure fairness in the workplace and to give a diverse workforce an equal voice. Wages and Work Hours According to Voos, â€Å"there is now a substantial body of research evidence on the economic impact of U.S. unions† (2009). Unions are not outdated; they continue to make progress by enforcing better wages by reducing the income unfairness between men, women, different racial or ethnic groups, and different age groups. Income inequality has a major impact on today’s economy. â€Å"The growth of income inequality in the U.S. and the related decline of the middle class are critical factors in the current economic crisis: the collapse in the housing market, the crisis of inadequate capital in the nation’s banking institutions, the decline in the stock market, the free-fall in consumer spending, declining employment and other aspects of the recession that are worsening daily† (Voos, 2009). A declining orShow MoreRelatedThe Soviet Union And North Korea During The Korean War1703 Words   |  7 PagesThis analysis will evaluate the reasons why the Soviet Union chose to deny that they militarily supported North Korea during the Korean War. 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David Hume s Theory Of The Principle Of Cause And Effect

If one were to accept David Hume’s account of the principle of cause and effect, then it would follow that modern science lacks foundation and is therefore wrong. In a society focused on progress and heavily based on science, the repercussions of science being unusable would be astronomical. It would call into question all aspects of daily life, as well as the past, present, and future of humanity. However, if one were to focus on a single aspect of the scientific method, namely developing theories, then perhaps it would not be necessary to regard its principles with such a high level of skepticism. Unlike religion, which Hume as issues with as well, science is not an ideology. Rather, science is a process of finding the best possible representations of facts in nature. Along those same lines, science is not stagnant. Testing a hypothesis may lead to the development of a theory, but testing does not stop simply because a theory exists. Furthermore, scientists do not accept the ir theories as the ultimate truth, or even truth at all. Instead, they are positing that so far the data supports that theory and that there is no known data that contradicts the theory. With that viewpoint, scientists are being critical, but not skeptical. During the time in which Hume lived, scientists were quickly developing theories in regards to medicine. Scientists and doctors worked tirelessly to find answers for diseases, both why they occurred and how they could be cured. Particularly in theShow MoreRelatedDavid Hume Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Hume Hume, David, 1711-76, Scottish philosopher and historian. Hume carried the empiricism of John Locke and George Berkeley to the logical extreme of radical skepticism. 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For Hume, causality is something humans naturally believeRead MoreEssay about The Regularity View of Causation1721 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Hume is a British empiricist which means that he thought that all knowledge is ultimately rooted in sense experience and that all of our ideas derive from preceding impressions of sense or reflection, this theory had a huge effect on Humes account of causation. In this essay I will look at Humes account of causation and examine if any version of the Regularity View of causation can be defended. Before we look at the Regularity View of Causation it is important to look at Humes Copy PrincipleRead MoreDescartes v Hume Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous existence having no other exact equal, i.e. the one and only. Whether or not the specific characteristic(s) used to define self are objectively real, i.e. physical attributes, or purely subjective, i.e. imaginary traits, the concept makes distinct one entity from another. Rationalism is the theory that truth can be derived through use of reason alone. Empiricism, a rival theory, asserts that truth must be established by sensual experience: touch, taste, smell, et al. Rene Descartes, a philosopherRead MoreFree Will Compatible With Determinism Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagespast events controlling their life or have the ability to freely choose the next step moving forward or even a combination of both. Determinism, especially the variation of soft determinism (cf.William James) or compatibilism, is supported as a theory of free will by a many of philosophers, each with special vested interests in one or more of the many determinisms. Determinism suggest that only one course of events is possible, which is inconsistent with the existence of free will thus conceivedRead MoreIdealism And Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius1584 Words   |  7 PagesLuis Borges’ short work of fiction titled â€Å"Tlà ¶n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius† grapples with many philosophic issues. In the main, this short story deals with the philosophic notion of subjective idealism as posed by George Berkeley’s Treatise Concerning Principles of Human Knowledge. Within this essay I argue that, while he acknowledges the presumed irrefutability of Berkeley’s argument, Borges’ â€Å"Tlà ¶n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius† aims to disparage both totalitarianism and Berkeleyan idealism by drawing an analogyRead MoreAntecedents of Cognitive Psychology1680 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Cognitive psychology refers t o all the processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered and used.† Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology British Empiricism: Locke, Berkeley, and Hume John Locke (1632-1704) He proposed the theory of knowledge in which he suggested an explanation of how we came to know the world. In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he attacked the notion of innate ideas, but rather claimed that all the ideas of human came fromRead MoreHumans : Humans Compassionate Or Aggressive?1880 Words   |  8 Pagesnaturally compassionate. Humans as a whole do not want suffering, and a good portion of the world would be completely content with a peaceful compassionate world. While the humans are a complicated species this paper will display the theories of compassion by David Hume, biologist Franz De Waal, and many other different sources who are speaking on the topic of compassion. The significance of this question is extremely relevant to today’s society. With all the different conflicts in the world it isRead More Humes Wide Construal of the Virtues Essay3865 Words   |  16 Pagesquantity of virtues discussed and their obvious moral significance. A conservative estimate of the various virtues Hume refers to in his moral writings would put the number at around seventy, with the more untraditional ones including wit, good manners, and dialog. Unsurprisingly, Humes critics have attacked him for making nonsense of the concept of virtue by construing it so widely. Hume was aware that his broad understanding of virtue was controversial and he offered several defenses for it. AfterRead MoreScience Can Not Be Defined1531 Words   |  7 Pages Science Cannot be Defined Calvin Berndt Philosophy of Science Spring 2015 05/03/2015 â€Æ' There are a multitude of conflicting theories that aim to conclude the definition of science, and all of them have underlying issues that make them inadequate in giving a definitive definition. According to Dictionary.com the current prevailing definition of science is â€Å"the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment (Dictionary, n.d

Bonus Issue Announcement Free Essays

string(51) " issues announcements in the Australian Companies\." The term bonus means an extra dividend paid to shareholders in a joint stock company from surplus profits. When a company has accumulated a large fund out of profits – much beyond its needs, the directors may decide to distribute a part of it amongst the shareholders in the form of bonus. Bonus can be paid either in cash or in the form of shares. We will write a custom essay sample on Bonus Issue Announcement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cash bonus is paid by the company when it has large accumulated profits as well as cash to pay dividend.Many a time, a company is not in a position to pay bonus in cash in spite of sufficient profits because of unsatisfactory cash position or because of its adverse effects on the working capital of the company. In such a position, the company pays a bonus to its shareholders in the form of shares; a free share thus issued is known as a bonus share. A bonus share is a free share of stock given to current/existing shareholders in a company, based upon the number of shares that the shareholder already owns at the time of announcement of the bonus.While the issue of bonus shares increases the total number of shares issued and owned, it does not increase the value of the company. Although the total number of issued shares increases, the ratio of number of shares held by each shareholder remains constant. An issue of bonus shares is referred to as a bonus issue. Depending upon the constitutional documents of the company, only certain classes of shares may be entitled to bonus issues, or may be entitled to bonus issues in preference to other classes.Bonus share is free share in fixed ratio to the shareholders. for exp. . reliance ind. ltd. issue bonus share in 1:1 ratio and Rs. 13. 00 as dividend/share Sometimes a company will change the number of shares in issue by capitalizing its reserve. In other words, it can convert the right of the shareholders because each individual will hold the same proportion of the outstanding shares as before. Main reason for issuance is the price of the existing share has become unwieldy. Benefits of bonus issue * Conservation of Cash.The issue shares allows the company to declare a dividend without using up the cash that may be used to finance the profitable investment opportunities within the company and thus company can maintain its liquidity position. * Under Financial Difficulty and Contractual Restrictions. When a company faces stringent cash difficulty and is not in a position to distribute dividend in cash, or where certain restrictions to pay dividend in cash are put under loan agreement, the only way to satisfy the shareholders or to maintain the confidence of the shareholders is the issue of bonus shares. * Remedy for Under-Capitalization.In the state of under-capitalization, the rate of divided is very much high. In order to lower down the rate of dividend, the company issued bonus shares instead of paying dividend in cash. * Widening the Share Market. If the market value of a company’s share is very high, it may not appeal to small investors. By issuing bonus shares, the rate of dividend is lowered down and consequently share price in the market is also brought down to a desired range of activity and thus trading activity would increase in the share market. Now small investors may get an opportunity to invest their funds in low priced shares. Economical Issue of Securities. The cost of issue of bonus shares is the minimum because no underwriting commission, brokerage etc. is to be paid on this type of issue. Existing shareholders are allotted bonus shares in proportion to their present holdings. Stock prices as a rule adjust to new information. In an efficient market, this adjustment is instantaneous and accurate. Event studies to test market. Efficiency, therefore, examine the speed of adjustment of stock prices to the release of new, relevant information to investors. One such ‘event’ is the announcement of bonus issues by companies. While accountants view bonus issues as pure book-keeping entries which leave total equities and total assets unchanged and hence have no real economic significance, for investors, however, bonus issues lead to an upward revision in their expectations regarding future earnings and dividends. Generally, therefore, an upward drift in stock prices is associated with such announcements. If markets are efficient, and no learning lags exist, the adjustment in stock prices would be prompt. LITERATURE REVIEW The relationship between bonus issue and share prices has been the subject of much empirical discussion within the finance literature.Empirical research have shown that the market generally reacts positively to the announcement of a bonus issue (see for example, US – Foster ;amp; Vickrey (1978), Woolridge (1983), Grinblatt et al (1984), and McNichols ;amp; Dravid (1990); Canada – Masse et al (1997); NZ- Anderson et al (2001); Sweden – Lijleblom (1989)). The hypothesis that has received strongest support in explaining the positive market reaction to bonus issue announcements is the signalling hypothesis, which suggests that ‘the announcement of a bonus issue conveys new information to the market in instances where managers have asymmetric information’.This hypothesis has received almost unequivocal support with few exceptions (for example, Papaioannou, Travlos and Tsangarakis (2000)2). Having a global look it is found that stock dividend announcements in Greece are almost fully anticipated by the market and do not contain any new information; thus, they have little signaling benefit. However, a Canadian study Masse et al. (1997), revealed investigating the impact of stock dividend announcements on the value of firms listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, found significant and positive abnormal returns around the announcement date.Ganga and Gunuratne (2009) in respect to CSE (Colombo stock Exchange) suggested that the market responds significantly on bonus  issues with a large price appreciation on the announcement day itself. Positive sentiments start well prior to the event and continue up to about further 6 market days creating both statistically and financially significant arbitrage opportunities According to a research conducted by Balachandran Balasingham ;amp; Tanner Sally (2001) examined the price reaction to bonus issues announcements in the Australian Co mpanies. You read "Bonus Issue Announcement" in category "Papers"They concluded that Bonus issue announcements led to statistically significant positive price reaction around announcement dates for uncontaminated and contaminated events. Whereas Miller and Modigliani (1961) demonstrated theoretically that the bonus issues, along with other types of dividends, do not alter shareholder’s wealth. Sloan (1987) provided Australian evidence that bonus issues do not affect shareholder’s wealth.Ball, Brown and Finn (1977) investigated stock price reaction around the announcements of ‘stock capitalization changes’ (bonus stock issues, stock splits and rights issues) in Australia for the period between 1960 and 1969 using monthly data. They found 20. 2% abnormal returns for 13 months up to end including the month of bonus issue announcements. Adaoglu,C. and Lasfer,M. A. (2008), examined (Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE)) market valuation of bonus issue which are mainly financed by the revaluations of assets equity reserves in an inflationary economic setting.They found a positive excess return on the announcement day for these bonus issues similar to the market reaction to stock dividends Studies have been carried out in recent years to test the announcement effect of bonus issue in the Indian stock market. Ramachandran (1985) examined mixed evidence for semi-strong form efficiency of Indian stock market. Obaidullah (1992) and Rao (1994) found positive stock market reaction to equity bonus announcements. Foster and Vickrey (1978), Grinblatt (1984), McNichols and Dravid (1990), Lijleblom (1989), reviewed in their study that the market reacts positively to the announcement of bonus issue.In a investigation done by Dhar Satyajit and Chhaochharia Sweta on Indian Stock Market ,they found that Bonus issues are considered to be cosmetic events. Interestingly , they found that bonus issues results in sharp spike on the announcement date. Asim Mishra (2003) found a positive cumulative abnormal return around the bonus issue announcement Fama et al. (1969) carried out his study on relation of announcement effect to stock split and stock dividend and concluded that two types of events are associated with positive stock market effect.Since then other studies have done in the same area. According to Lakonishoke ;amp; Lev (1987), a stock split and a stock dividend change the stock price to a more optimal trading range thus increases the demand for stock, leading a positive stock price effect. Forjan and McCorry (1995) argued for the increase market liquidity. Number of shareholders also increases after a stock split (Dolly, 1933, Barker, 1956, and Lamoureuxs and Poon, 1987). Other studies have also supported optimal trading range (Johanson, 1966, Mcnocholas and Dravid, 1990, Mayers and Barkay, 1956). Market makers are more active in promoting the stock leading to a positive stock market effect (Angel, 1977; and Shultz, 2000). Ross (1977) ;amp; Leyland and Pyle (1977) examined that mangers make use of the financial decisions regarding stock split and stock dividend to convey private information about the current value of the firm. Brennan and Copeland (1988), Brennan and Hughes (1991) study says that, the declarations of bonus issues convey favorable private information about the future earnings to the investors.Rao and Geetha (1996) investigated that one could not make excess money in the stock market by studying that patterns of abnormal returns of announcements made earlier. Srinivasan (2002) found extremely large positive abnormal returns on ex-bonus and ex-rights dates for equity stocks. Mishra (2005) found significant positive abnormal returns for a five-day period prior to bonus announcement. Similar study by Budhraja et al (2004) suggests that abnormal returns in stock pri ces around the bonus announcement date over a three day trading period starting one day before the announcement date is significant at 95% confidence limit. It also says that much of the information in the bonus announcement gets impounded into stocks by the time of announcement. Dhar,S. ,Chhaochharia,S. , Market Reaction Around the Stock Splits and Bonus Issues: Some Indian Evidence, examined that bonus issues result in sharp spike on the announcement date. Stock splits announcements are resulting in positive returns during entire event window although effect on announcement date is not that sharp. It may be due to the fact that stock splits are more common for momentum stocks whereas bonus issues are made for all type of stocks.Barnes and Ma (2002) observe the stock price behavior in response to the bonus issues and they observe positive abnormal returns. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To find out the effect of bonus issues in Indian Stock Exchange. * To find out the effect on Indian Stock Exchange, before and after the bonus issue announcement. * To find out effect on excess returns, abnormal returns, trading volume and abnormal volume. * To open new vistas for further research. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The study was descriptive in the nature. The population of the study was the Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange.The sampling frame of the study consisted of all the companies involved in the formation of Indian Stock Exchange from the financial years 2004-2010. The sample size was all the companies listed on the Indian Stock Exchange. Individual Company, which issued bonus issues in Indian Stock Exchange, during the study period, acted as the sampling element. Non-probability judgmental sampling technique was used. Secondary data of all the stocks added in Indian Stock Exchange from 2004-2010 was collected from official websites of nse india and individual companies was used for data collection.Tools for data analysis 1. Price effects: Researcher has evaluated the price effects of National Stock Exchange changes by examining the abnormal returns around the announcement day. Two different measures of abnormal returns are used: First, we calculate the excess return as the difference between the stock return and the return on the relevant index; this measure is the market-adjusted return measure used by Lynch and Mendenhall (1997) and Chen, Noronha and Singal (2004), among others. Next, the abnormal returns were computed.The market model parameters are estimated over a 240-day preannouncement window (ranging from -280 days to -41 days relative to the announcement day) with the index returns as the proxy for the market portfolio1. 2. Abnormal Returns= Difference between the stock return and the return on the relevant index i. e. (Stock Return- Returns of Index) Hypotheses1: there is no change in Excess Returns between ones before and ones after the bonus issue. Hypotheses2: there is no change in Abnormal Returns between ones before and ones after the bonus issue. 3. Normal Distribution TestFirstly, normal distribution of all the stock was checked through normal distribution test. This was done through One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test on the SPSS software. It was found that all the companies’ stock return and stock volume data was normally distributed. So the data was not distributed abnormally. 4. T- Tests T-test was applied in order to assess whether the means of stock returns before and after the inclusion are statistically different from each other or not. It means to examine whether there was any significant difference between them or not.It was carried out on SPSS software and it was found that there is significant level between them. Similarly T-test was applied in order to assess whether the means of stock volume before and after the bonus issues are statistically different from each other or not. It was carried out on SPSS software and it was found that there is significant level between them. The test of equality of mean in the data processing is basically using t test. The day of execution (t0) is not included in the data compared to avoid the overreaction effect on the day of bonus announcement.The research conducted by Nuryadin (2004) and Lamoureux and Poon (1987) had done a similar methodology to study the volume change of individual companies on the day of bonus announcement. Results and Discussion Previous research on bonus issues has not discovered any significant differences in price reaction around announcement dates between bonus issue announcements One of the most common experimental designs is the â€Å"pre-post† design. A study of this type often consists of two measurements taken on the same subject, one before and one after the introduction of a treatment or a stimulus.The basic idea is simple. If the treatment had no effect, the average difference between the measurements is equal to 0 and the null hypothesis holds. On the other hand, if the treatment did have an effect (intended or unintended! ), the average difference is not 0 and the null hypothesis is rejected. In the present research impact of bonus issue on the stock return is seen. The difference between the pre issue returns and post issue returns is seen on the companies listed continuously in Nifty from 2005-06 to 2009-2010. Stock returns are analysed over a sample frame from 30, 60, 90 and 240 days prior to the bonus issue announcements to 30, 60, 90 and 240 days subsequent to the announcement. stock returns are calculated over various event windows. To reflect the potentiality of event- induced variances this study used the paired sample t test. The Paired-Samples T Test procedure is used to test the hypothesis of no difference between two variables. The data may consist of two measurements taken on the same subject or one measurement taken on a matched pair of subjects. Testable HypothesesH1: Companies undertaking bonus issues will experience positive announcement period stock returns. H01: There is no significant difference between the pre and post returns mean. We hypothesise that the companies in our sample will experience positive announcement period stock returns on the basis that these announcements convey favourable information regarding the company’s future prospects to less informed market (see for example, Foster and Vickrey (1978), Woolridge (1983), Grinblatt et al (1984), McNichols and Dravid (1990) and Anderson et al (2001).Table 1: T test Results for 30 days windows COMPANY NAME| 30 days | | t-test| Significance Level| Hypothesis Accepted/Rejected| | | | | DABUR| 0. 618| 0. 545| REJECTED| GAIL| 0. 467| 0. 646| ACCEPTED| HCL| -0. 175| 0. 863| ACCEPTED| INFOSYS| 0. 562| 0. 58| ACCEPTED| ONGC| -0. 701| 0. 493| ACCEPTED| CIPLA| 1. 304| 0. 211| REJECTED| RELIANCE| 0. 575| 0. 572| REJECTED| TCS| 0. 276| 0. 786| ACCEPTED| The results of paired t test applied on the pre and post 30 days returns showed that For GAIL, HCL,INFOSYS, ONGC and TCS there is no difference between the pre and post announcement returns.For DABUR, CIPLA nad RELIANCE the pre and post Announcement period stock returns have statistically significantly Difference. Therefore, for these companies we can conclude that the positive reaction on announcement period is predominantly attributed to bonus issue announcements. These findings support for the signalling hypothesis consistent with our first hypothesis (H1). In summary, announcement period results indicate strong support for hypothesis one, as companies issuing bonus shares appear to experience positive and significant announcement period abnormal returns.COMPANY NAME| 60 days| | t-test| Significance Level| Hypothesis Accepted /Rejected| | | | | DABUR| 1. 413| 0. 166| REJECTED| GAIL| 0. 42| 0. 677| ACCEPTED| HCL| -0. 457| 0. 651| ACCEPTED| INFOSYS| -0. 667| 0. 508| ACCEPTED| ONGC| -1. 116| 0. 272| ACCEPTED| CIPLA| 1. 409| 0. 167| REJECTED| RELIANCE| 0. 486| 0. 63| ACCEPTED| TCS| -0. 063| 0. 95| ACCEPTED| The results of paired t test applied on the pre and post 60 days returns showed that For GAIL, HCL,INFOSYS, ONGC, RELIANCE and TCS there is no difference between the pre and post announcement returns.For DABUR, and CIPLA the pre and post Announcement period stock returns have statistically significantly Difference. Therefore, for these companies we can conclude that the positive reaction on announcement period is predominantly attributed to bonus issue announcements. These findings support for the signalling hypothesis consistent with our first hypothesis (H1). In summary, announcement period results indicate strong support for hypothesis one, as companies issuing bonus shares appear to experience positive and significant announcement period abnormal returns.COMPANY NAME| 90 days| | t-test| Significance Level| Hypothesis Accepted/Rejected| | | | | DABUR| 0. 435| 0. 665| ACCEPTED| GAIL| 0. 724| 0. 472| REJECTED| HCL| -0. 592| 0. 556| ACCEPTED| INFOSYS| -0. 771| 0. 444| ACCEPTED| ONGC| -0. 896| 0. 374| ACCEPTED| CIPLA| 1. 952| 0. 056| REJECTED| RELIANCE| 0. 868| 0. 389| REJECTED| TCS| 0. 053| 0. 958| ACCEPTED| The results of paired t test applied on the pre and post 90 days returns showed that For, DABUR, HCL, INFOSYS, ONGC and TCS there is no difference between the pre and post announcement returns.For GAIL, CIPLA nad RELIANCE the pre and post Announcement period stock returns have statistically significantly Difference. Therefore, for these companies we can conclude that the positive reaction on announcement period is predominantly attributed to bonus issue announcements. These findings support for the signalling hypothesis consistent with our first hypothesis (H1). In summary, announcement period results indicate strong support for hypothesis one, as companies issuing bonus shares appear to experience positive and significant announcement period abnormal returns.COMPANY NAME| 240 days | | t-test| Significance Level| Hypothesis Accepted/Rejected| | | | | | | DABUR| 0. 607| 0. 545| REJECTED| | GAIL| -0. 441| 0. 66| ACCEPTED| | HCL| 0. 274| 0. 785| ACCEPTED| | INFOSYS| -1. 047| 0. 297| ACCEPTED| | ONGC| -0. 12| 0. 905| ACCEPTED| | CIPLA| 1. 828| 0. 069| REJECTED| | RELIANCE| 0. 703| 0. 483| REJECTED| | TCS| -1. 769| 0. 079| ACCEPTED| | The results of paired t test applied on the pre and post 240 days returns showed that For GAIL, HCL, INFOSYS, ONGC and TCS there is no difference between the pre and post announcement returns.For DABUR, CIPLA and RELIANCE the pre and post Announcement period stock returns have statistically significantly Difference. Therefore, for these companies we can conclude that the positive reaction on announcement period is predominantly attributed to bonus issue announcements. These findings support for the signaling hypothesis consistent with our first hypothesis (H1). In summary, announcement period results indicate strong support for hypothesis one, as companies issuing bonus shares appear to experience positive and significant announcement period abnormal returns.CONCLUSION This study examines the return reaction to bonus issues announcements. Bonus issue announcements led to statistically significant positive price reaction around announcement dates. The results in general have indicated that HCL, INFOSYS, TCS, ONGC are the companies which have no significant differences in the pre and post bonus issue announcement returns. On the other side CIPLA came out to be the company whose returns were significantly differencet in the pre and post bonus issue announcement.Looking to the other side, GAIL is the organisation which shows no significant differences in the pre and post bonus issue announcement returns for 30, 60, 240 days window but for 90 days window significant differences in the pre and post bonus issue announcement returns are seen. This mean impact of bonus share announcement is shown after 90 days. Similarly for DABUR, there is a significant differences in the pre and post bonus issue announcement returns when test are carried out for 30, 60, 240 days windows, but for 90 days window, there comes no significant differences in the pre and post bonus issue announcement returns. The magnitude of price reactions to bonus issue announcement found to be statistically significantly related to the size of the bonus issue and preannouncement effect This study provides additional evidence of industry influence. Results obtained for IT companies (based on industry classification of the issuing Companies), indicate weaker announcement period return reaction as compared to pharmaceutical company Overall, then, evidence presented in this paper lend considerable support for signalling hypothesis and consistent with the findings in US, Sweden, Canada and New Zealand.Signalling effect is stronger for industrial nonfinancial and mining companies than financial companies. How to cite Bonus Issue Announcement, Papers

Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Essay Example

Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Paper My favourite part in the book is chapter 23. In this chapter Mr Rochester proposes to Jane. I like it because it is probably the most descriptive and varying chapter in the book. A lot happens and the beginning is not explained, and the language that is used is most captivating. A lot of the loose ends in the previous chapters are tied up and things start to be explained. At this point in the book summer is at its fullest. Most of the story so far has been written in the winter but because the day is so beautiful it starts to set the scene as a pleasant one. It makes you feel happy and starts to set the atmosphere of the chapter to one with good endings and ideas. At the beginning Jane tries to avoid Rochester. She tries to avoid being watched by Mr Rochester. This builds up suspense and tension because you are not sure why she is hiding from Mr Rochester and makes you wonder what will happen if they do encounter each other. There are lots of reasons she could be hiding from Mr Rochester. It is obvious that she wants to be on her own to think and enjoy the garden. And this antique garden as attractive. She sees the garden as a place to react and a space in which to finally enjoy Thornfeild Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre, chapter 23 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre, chapter 23 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre, chapter 23 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She describes the garden as Eden-like. In fact all through this chapter the idea of Eden is portrayed through out the chapter. The sweet smells, the feelings of content, and the ideas that they are joined under the rib. She was trying to avoid confrontation with Rochester because she was confused about her feelings for him and worried that if she did see him she would break into tears because of the sheer desperation on the fact she cannot have him. In fact when they do talk she does start to sob convulsively. She knows that he wishes to be married but does not want to leave him so she tries to avoid him in a desperate effort for a longer stay at Thornfeild. She does not want to talk about Miss Ingram again. Jane is subconsciously jealous of her. Miss Ingram is very pretty were as Jane is plain and obscure thing. She also does not want to have one of the manly talks Rochester tried to make her have. Previously in the book Jane has realised that she loves him and if he talks about Miss Ingram she might get hurt or embarrassed again. Before they approach the shrubbery she smell his cigar smoke clogging up the sweet perfume of the flowers. Which is strange because the smell of flowers are overwhelming. The smell of a cigar is bitter and horrid. Which could mean that things are not completely wonderful. She quickly flees. When she finds him following her she enters the shrubbery to stay hidden she believes he will not follow. This made me wonder why she was so scared of being found. Mr Rochester is always aware of her presence. He follows her round the garden. This is a very romantic idea which can make you idolise the idea that where ever she is Rochester can sense her. As she tries to slip away he very calmly and softly tells her to come and look at this fellow. Which is a quick divert and grab of attention. What he is telling her to look at is a moth. Moths can symbolise change into beauty, maybe Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is saying Jane will change in to something more beautiful. As he said those words he did not turn his head to look at her or give any indication that he had noticed her. She had made no noise and was surprised at his voice. Maybe he was also aware that she did not want to talk so he cornered her. This particular event captured my attention. When they start talking Mr Rochester starts it off by being mean and hurtful telling her that she has to leave since he is to be married to Miss Ingram. This makes the atmosphere very tense and makes you feel sorry for Jane because how ever plain she is you want her to get her shining prince. He tells her that she has to advertise for a new post somewhere else. He says she can stay in Ireland and gives her the most obviously made up name, Mrs OGall of Bitternutt Lodge the names suggest unpleasant things with Bitternutt and OGall. Mr Rochester then completely changes tact and says And your will shall be your destiny, I offer you my heart, my hand, and a share of all my possessions. He asks this about seven times. She at first disbelieves him she says that he loves Miss Ingram not her. She does not believe him because he had only a few seconds before had been excruciatingly mean to her. To believe him she has to see his face to see what it says. To see if he is in earnest when he asks the foreboding question. She believes that she knows him so well that she can tell he is lying by the way he looks. She asks that he turn to the moonlight. Later in the night a storm appears and splits the tree in which they where sitting under in two. I think this symbolises that something will come in between them. But when trees are thunder struck the base and roots are kept intact which I think means that even though they split up they will still love each other deep down. And stunted trees can grow again so they may get back together.

Critical Review, Les Miserable essays

Critical Review, Les Miserable essays Critical Review Les Miserables Les Miserables is an epic musical saga of Jean Valjean and his long journey to salvation. He is released on parole after 19 years on the chain gang, for stealing a loaf of bread. Valjean, unknowingly bargains for his soul with a saintly bishop and spends the rest of his life trying to do good in order to repay him. The Inspector, Javert, continues to relentlessly pursue Valjean even though he is trying to start anew. He has become the mayor of Montreuil and the manager of a factory. Meanwhile, one of his workers, Fantine, is the mother of an illegitimate daughter, Cosette. Cosette is living with the Thenardiers, an innkeeper, his wife, and their own daughter, Eponine. Fantine is fired from the factory after word of her daughter gets out and a series of other incidents. She becomes a prostitute and asks Valjean, while on her deathbed, to care for Cosette. Valjean adopts Cosette and they move to Paris where Cosette meets and falls in love with Marius, a student, with whom Ep onine is also in love. The students barricade the streets of Paris and the rebellion begins. As the insurrection continues, Javert has been captured in the students camp as a spy, Eponine is killed, and Valjean has joined the students and drags an injured Marius into the sewers to save him. The students desire to kill Javert, but Valjean prevents this from happening. Javert, beside himself for being saved by the man of whom he was in pursuit, kills himself by throwing himself into the Seine River. Years later, on his deathbed, Valjean confesses to Marius that he saved him. Now, having paid for his sins, he can die peacefully. Marius and Cosette eventually marry and Valjean dies. Upon his death, the ghosts of Eponine, Fantine, and others who have died before him, meet. Leaving us on an optimistic note, the belief that good, will always prevail: Even the darkest night will end/And the sun will rise....

Helping Verbs

Helping Verbs Helping Verbs Helping Verbs By Maeve Maddox A reader of the post on the uses of the past participle wonders, How did English come to require helping verbs? Isn’t that unusual among languages? Helping verbs are not unique to English. Also called â€Å"auxiliary verbs,† helping verbs are common in analytical languages like English. (An analytical language has lost most of its inflexions.) Auxiliaries are used with main verbs to help express grammatical tense, mood, and voice.    tense: forms or modifications (or word-groups) in the conjugation of a verb to indicate time (past, present, or future). mood: a form or set of forms of a verb in an inflected language, serving to indicate whether the verb expresses fact, command, wish, conditionality, etc.; the quality of a verb as represented or distinguished by a particular mood. For example, the sentence â€Å"Get thee gone!† is in imperative mood because it expresses a command. For the difference between tense and mood, see †Mood vs Tense.† voice: a category used in the classification of verb forms serving to indicate the relation of the subject to the action. For the difference between active and passive voice, see â€Å"Verbs Voice.† A highly inflected synthetic language like Latin, on the other hand, combines tense, mood, and voice into a single compounded word. Take, for example, the English sentence â€Å"I had sung.† Each of the three words conveys a significant piece of information. The free-standing pronoun I identifies the subject as the speaker; the past participle form sung, with the helping verb had, places the action in the past previous to another action. All of these ideas are expressed by one Latin word: cantaveram. Helping verbs rock. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowEmail EtiquetteUsing "May" in a Question

Stategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stategic management - Essay Example A UK retail report that was released by Retail Intelligence compared sales of M&S ranging from year 1990 until 2000. This survey highlighted the issue, and was also unsure if the struggling group would recover at all. However, the survey also highlighted that the group would be able to recover if it produced well – made clothes, which are moderately fashionable at competitive prices, provided the company also maintained the quality standards. The company had seen continuous growth until 1990 in terms if its profits and market share. The company had been able to handle this by using fundamental formula for its operations like simple pricing structures, high quality merchandise and friendly and helpful service. There are a number of possible underlying reasons for the decline of M&S in the early 2000s. Firstly, the shifts in demographic balance, is one of the most important factors that caused the company to decline. This mainly refers to the fact that there was a shift in the key customers of the company. The balance of the population of UK was moving towards the older people and this was threatening as it created a serious deterioration for companies (Davies, 1995). The older population with the high levels of pension provision and high health care costs for the people was causing deterioration for M&S, as for other companies as well. M&S’s strategy was designed in a manner to cater to all the levels of the society by providing quality products at competitive prices. Secondly, there were larger amounts of wealth that was available among the general public. This caused the people to look for buying clothes as they were seeking status through clothes. This was one issue where the choice of the people was changing, and the buying power of the general public was increasingly growing. Also the company found it difficult to compete with the supermarkets. The effects of this were mainly seen in terms of the pre - packed foods. This became an issue

Personal Organizational Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Personal Organizational Development - Assignment Example As the report declares after graduating from the Business with International Management program at the Newcastle Business School in Northumbria University, the plan is to return to Kuwait and apply the theoretical frameworks of the course to business and management operating functions at KPC. It is affirmed that the course has enabled the development of the most appropriate skills set which would prepare me for job positions at KPC where core competence and competitive advantages would be exuded, as compared to other graduates from similar fields of endeavor. This paper stresses that the earnings potentials for graduates with a degree in Business with International Management range from  £72,105 for international finance management graduates to  £76,054 for international marketing management graduates. In a more conservative site, the median salary for graduates from the program and who work as management analysts receive  £52,479, while administrative service managers receive  £54,082. In Kuwait, the earning potentials for graduates from the program are actually greater due to the absence of personal income taxes. Thus, the range perceivable earnings for graduates of the program would be KWD 13,918 to KWD 42,539. As such, the earning potentials are relatively high and lucrative which makes the field of study attractive to be pursued. Graduates from the program would most likely meet increasing competition from students who graduate in similar fields of discipline.

Dickens Criticism of the 1834 Poor Law in Oliver Twist Essay -- Charl

Dickens' Criticism of the 1834 Poor Law in Oliver Twist Dickens criticised the 1834 poor law in many different ways within the first five chapters. He does this firstly by cleverly portraying the Victorians attitudes towards the poor. He does this in chapter 1 by referring to Oliver as 'the item of mortality' suggesting how lowly his position in society is. Also the difficulty of Oliver's birth and the fact his mother dies, gives us some idea of the dangers of child birth in Victorian society and the amount of negligence his mother receives from the surgeon. Another way he shows the attitudes towards the poor is by describing the unfeeling and clearly drunk nurse who was 'tasting in the corner' instead of taking care of Oliver and his dying mother. Dickens characterisation is another form of criticism he gives the poor law. He gives the characters names which reflect the type of person they are and the lives they lead. He does this very well in chapters two and three where he describes Mrs Mann. He describes her as nothing but a common thief that steels money from...

Introduction to Dissertation Essay

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background to the problem The indiscipline problem is ranked as a major issue among students of secondary schools in Mauritius. In fact, this problem is prevailing not only in Mauritius but also across the many nations around the world. According to the Longman contemporary dictionary, indiscipline refers to â€Å"a lack of control in the behaviour of a group of people, with the result that they behave badly†. It occurs when students breach the rules and regulations of the classroom or school. Such disruptive behavior is not only a concern to schools and teachers but also the parents and most importantly to the students, whose future is at stake. Misconduct in the classroom interferes with teaching and learning. It can eventually lead to school dropout and similar negative social outcomes. Students’ behavioral problems are also thought to be a leading contributor to teachers’ and parents’ stress and attrition. Serious breaches of school discipline policy can have profound negative effects on teachers. 1.2 Significance of Study See more: how to start an essay about yourself for college Since discipline plays a crucial role in school system, it is all the more important to assess the measures taken to upholding it. Continuing to apply the present measures blindly without ascertaining oneself if they are  actually alleviating the problem is equivalent to losing money, time or, worse, deteriorating the current situation. The study will help in not only finding if the measures are good or wrong but also to what extent the measures being adopted are effective or not. Since students are not the only ones being affected by the problem, the study will help us get to know students’ perception of the measures used to tackle indiscipline but also perception of teachers themselves. It will give both parties the chance to equally express themselves. By being able to understand each group, it will be possible to introduce and suggest different measures which could bring a better impact, or adapting existing ones to be more productive. Student indiscipline is not decreasing at Saint Bartholomew’s college. We have reached to a point of saturation and it is almost impossible to bring the student’s to the right track. They are out of control and think that the system and teachers are against them. Indiscipline has led to low education level at St Bartholomew’s college, the percentage was below 50 % in 2007 – only 47 %. The main causes of indiscipline need to be identified so that the college can look for better measures. 1.2 Aims of Study The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of present measures used in dealing with student indiscipline at Saint Bartholomew’s College. Student indiscipline has been tainting this college’s reputation. Students are ill-mannered, and this badly influences their future role in their social and professional life. Therefore, it is high time to proactively make sure that the right actions are being taken to decrease, or ideally eradicate, student indiscipline. This study has for aim to assess the existing measures in dealing with student indiscipline at Saint Bartholomew’s college; whether they meeting, and if they are to what extent they are meeting, the expectations. And to observe its impact whether it is positive or not. 1.3 Objectives of Study The main objectives of the study are : Finding out if indiscipline is increasing despite the existing measures Analysing factors resulting in indiscipline Investigating on the existing methods at Saint Bartholomew’s College Knowing if indiscipline will keep on growing Knowing new methods can be introduced to ameliorate the situation 1.5 Problem of Statement Pedagogues have been trying to implement measures to eradicate indiscipline in schools. In fact, all the stakeholders (teaching staff, Ministry of Education) work in unison to alleviate the problem. Methods such as having CCTV installed within the school compound to keep an eye on students or SMS Alert to parents in case of Lateness or absenteeism are not decreasing indiscipline. Living in a society, transformed by technological progress and influenced by Media, Mauritian Youth has gone beyond control; they are living in their own world, forgetting that Mauritian society is still tied to old traditions and cultures. Students are rebelling against rules and regulations of their institutions. Student Indiscipline has been a major problem at Saint Bartholomew’s college, Port Louis. It keeps on increasing. According to Premita Leelachand from Defi Media, the college â€Å"accepts all students who seek admission, even school drop-outs who either failed or were removed by their previous institutions due to bad behaviour. In fact, St Bartholomew’s is regarded as the last resort for students who are considered hopeless.† This is the main reason why the percentage of indiscipline in high at the private aided college. Students already have discipline problems and still show no signs of respect towards their teachers and express no interest in education. Traditional punishments such as writing in journals or detention hours do not seem to scare them anymore. Being punished has become a ‘honor’ for them and it increases their ‘respect’ among other students. This is why there is a need to check whether the measures being presently taken are effective or not. 1.6 Research questions The research questions will be as follows: What are the methods being used? Why is indiscipline on an increase since the last years? What do students and teachers think about indiscipline and the measures adopted? What can be done to improve student discipline and making the deterring measures more effective? 1.7 Assumptions Indiscipline is increasing despite various measures introduced by the Ministry of Education and the college itself, for example, the counseling unit at the college. 1.8 Format of Study The Study will be divided into 5 main sections: Chapter 1: Introduction This part of the study gives an overview of the topic and prepares the reader for the next chapters. It analyses the background of the problem, gives its importance and aims and objectives of the study as well. Chapter 2 :Literature Review Literature review will give a deeper overview of the problems of indiscipline in Mauritius and describe measures adopted to deal with these problems. Chapter 3: Research Methodology In this section, the interview format to quantify the problem will be discussed. Chapter 4: Discussion of Findings and Analysis of Data Statistical tools will be used to extract the pertinent information from the data collected. These statistical approaches are discussed in this part of the research and the conclusions inferred from the analysis will be discussed. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations 1.9 Conclusion This was the first chapter of the study. It had for aim to prepare the reader for further chapters of the study and to understand the topic and the actual issue, that is, impact of measures dealing with student indiscipline at Saint Bartholomew’s College, clearly.

French Revolution vs American Revolution - 1534 Words

Leanette Estrada Ms. Sharpe AP World History CC Essay 2/26/13 CC Essay French and American Revolution Both the American and French revolutions were focused on liberty and equality. America was trying to gain freedom from the rules, unfair taxation, War debt, and lack of representation from the British. The French Revolution on the other hand wanted to abolish the French monarchy and create a better government in which people could have more of a say in society, and also had similar causes as the American Revolution. They were similar in their causes because both of them were caused because of unfair taxation, war debt, and lack of representation. However, â€Å"The American Revolution involved a colonial uprising against an†¦show more content†¦A constitutional monarchy was created in France because it was the decision of the National Assembly to make the king be in charge France. Even though it was a ratified constitution for the French, they decided to keep it as a king in charge instead having a president. The king however was kept as executive power of France. For the French, the king was able to resist any democratic change which made the National Assembly reconstruct the French society. The French people didn’t feel pleased of this decision because the third estate wasn’t well represented in the government which is similar to how the American colonists felt when the British passed the Tea Act, Stamp Act, and Revenue Act. The French felt cheated because they were promised a somewhat similar democracy like the American colonists gained, but they ended up with a constitutional monarchy. Another different outcome between the French and American Revolution was that the new reconstructed constitution in France didn’t last long when Robespierre came into play, unlike the Americans who gained a complete independence and had a president be in command of the nation and not a constitutional monarchy like the French gained. The Convention in France threw out the constitution and created the Co mmittee of Public Safety. They created the Committee because Prussia and Austria wereShow MoreRelatedWhat Caused The French Revolution?917 Words   |  4 PagesWhat caused the French Revolution? Many things contributed to it evolving. But only three were the most important. The influence dates back all the way to the Age of Enlightenment, the ideas definitely had an effect on the French citizens. The American Revolution ties with the Enlightenment as well. The political inequality of the three estates played a huge part in the disruption. 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Herb AP American History Period 4 10/8/12 Emergence of a Two-Party System 1789-1808 A two-party system is a political system in which the electorate gives its majority of votes to only two major parties and in which one or the other party can win a majority in the legislature. An example of a two-party system is the United States of America, which has the Republicans and the Democrats. For the candidacy to be president, the person must have a majority of the party supportingRead MoreThe Colonial Revolution Vs The Egyptian Revolution1448 Words   |  6 PagesApril 2016 The Colonial Revolution vs The Egyptian Revolution ? A Lesson in Stark Contrast Two revolutions, 250 years apart, were both started for noble causes in an effort to right human wrongs. The results of these two revolts that appear in the History books will be sadly different. 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